Bài Tập Trắc Nghiệm Chuyên Đề: Thông tin không được đề cập (Tiếng Anh Lớp 10, 11, 12)

Foot racing is a popular activity in the United States. It is seen not only as a competitive sport but also as a way to exercise, to enjoy the camaraderie of like-minded people, and to donate money to a good cause. Though serious runners may spend months training to compete, other runners and walkers might not train at all. Those not competing to win might run in an effort to beat their own time or simply to enjoy the fun and exercise. People of all ages, from those of less than one year (who may be pushed in strollers) to those in their eighties, enter into this sport. The races are held on city streets, on college campuses, through parks, and in suburban areas, and they are commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in length.

The largest foot race in the world is the 12-kilometer Bay to Breakers race that is held in San Francisco every spring. This race begins on the east side of the city near San Francisco Bay and ends on the west side at the Pacific Ocean. There may be 80,000 or more people running in this race through the streets and hills of San Francisco. In the front are the serious runners who compete to win and who might finish in as little as 34 minutes. Behind them are the thousands 20 who take several hours to finish. In the back of the race are those who dress in costumes and come just for fun. One year there was a group of men who dressed like Elvis Presley, and another group consisted of firefighters who were tied together in a long line and who were carrying a fire hose. There was even a bridal party, in which the bride was dressed in a long white gown and the groom wore a tuxedo. The bride and groom threw flowers to bystanders, and they were actually married at some point along the route.

Read the following passage about Rage Bait in the digital age and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
RAGE BAIT IN THE DIGITAL AGE
“Rage bait” is a type of online content created to make people feel angry or upset. It has become increasingly common in today’s digital world, where attention is considered a valuable resource. Unlike traditional media, modern platforms rely on algorithms to determine what users see, often promoting content that receives the highest level of interaction.
Interestingly, although many users claim to dislike negative or manipulative content, they still interact with it regularly. Research suggests that emotions such as anger can push people to react quickly by commenting or sharing posts. This reaction is partly connected to human evolution, as anger once helped people respond to threats. However, in the online environment, such reactions are often triggered by minor or insignificant issues.
Social media algorithms play an important role in spreading rage bait. These systems aim to maximize user engagement and do not differentiate between positive and negative reactions. As a result, emotionally charged content is more likely to reach a wider audience. This situation encourages content creators to produce increasingly contentious posts in order to attract attention.
The impact of rage bait extends beyond online activity. Experts warn that continuous exposure to such content may lead to stress, anxiety, and a more negative perception of reality. Although some platforms have attempted to control harmful content, these efforts have had limited success. Therefore, users are advised to develop critical thinking skills and be more selective about the content they engage with.
(Adapted from IELTS Reading)

Many children have music classes when they attend school. And it is thought that music can help them learn other subjects better. Research has shown that it can improve children's performances in certain subjects.
Some studies have shown that music training can help you understand your own language better. It could also help you with learning a second one. Moreover, young people who have studied music also seem to get higher scores in other subjects like maths. So it could be that these school subjects are connected in some way.
Music also helps you think of new ideas, and believe more in yourself. If you are learning the guitar, for example, it can be really exciting when you are able to start composing your own pieces of music. One of the biggest benefits, of course, is that listening to music can reduce your stress. And composing music can make you feel the same way. Maybe your musical knowledge will even open up a great career path for you in the future!
(Adapted from Preliminary for Schools Trainer)

Since the 19th century, companies have looked for better and cleaner ways of creating electricity. One UK company has created a special type of floor made of square tiles. Under each square, there is a system that can create electricity very cheaply when someone steps on it!

The design of the floor works very well when it is used in very busy areas. And the reason is that a lot of energy is created simply because of the large numbers of people walking across the floor.

The floor can have other uses too; one of them is to record how many people visit a shopping centre. This kind of information is very useful for shop owners because very often they want to know at which times of days they have the highest numbers of customers. So the next time you visit shopping centre, have a careful look at the floor that you are walking across!

(Adapted from Preliminary for Schools Trainer)

The zero-waste lifestyle, which promotes eliminating all personal waste, has become a symbol of environmental responsibility in recent years. From reusable containers to bulk shopping and composting, the movement encourages individuals to radically change their consumption habits. While the intention behind it is commendable, the practicality of achieving a truly zero-waste lifestyle remains questionable for most people.
Waste is part and parcel of today's consumer society. Supermarkets package goods in layers of plastic; online shopping generates cardboard, tape, and protective fillers; even medical care often involves single-use items for hygiene. Expecting individuals to entirely avoid these realities requires a level of privilege, time, and access that many do not have. For example, not every city offers bulk stores or composting services, and not everyone can afford the often higher costs of sustainable products.
Moreover, the pressure to be “zero-waste” can lead to guilt rather than change. When a person who tries their best still ends up discarding a food wrapper or a broken appliance, they may feel that their efforts are meaningless. This absolute mindset can be counterproductive, discouraging broader participation in sustainable practices.
[I] Rather than total elimination, choosing to reuse whenever possible, refusing unnecessary packaging, and supporting circular economy initiatives can collectively shift demand away from disposability. [II] Even small, consistent efforts across a population can significantly reduce environmental harm. [III] Rather than viewing zero-waste as an endpoint, it may be more useful to treat it as an aspiration, a guiding principle rather than a strict rule. [IV] Progress lies not in perfection, but in the widespread willingness to reduce where we can and when we can.

As technology rapidly advances and global challenges evolve, the landscape of future careers is undergoing significant transformation. Today’s students must prepare for jobs that may not yet exist, requiring a blend of adaptability, creativity, and continuous learning. The traditional notion of a linear career path is becoming obsolete, replaced by the concept of a career portfolio where individuals may pursue multiple professions throughout their lives.

Emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and biotechnology are expected to drive job creation in the coming decades. These sectors demand a strong foundation in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines, coupled with critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, the importance of soft skills cannot be overstated. Emotional intelligence, communication, and cultural competence will be crucial in an increasingly interconnected global workforce.

The gig economy and remote work are reshaping traditional employment models. Many future professionals may find themselves working as independent contractors or freelancers, managing multiple projects simultaneously. This shift necessitates entrepreneurial skills, self-motivation, and the ability to navigate diverse work environments.

Lifelong learning will be paramount in staying relevant in the job market. As automation and AI continue to evolve, routine tasks are likely to be automated, emphasizing the need for uniquely human skills such as creativity, empathy, and complex problem-solving. Professionals must be prepared to upskill and reskill throughout their careers to adapt to changing industry demands.

While the future job market may seem uncertain, it also presents unprecedented opportunities for innovation and personal growth. By cultivating a growth mindset, embracing technological literacy, and developing a diverse skill set, today's students can position themselves for success in the dynamic career landscape of tomorrow.

(https://www.brookings.edu/articles/technology-and-the-future…)

[I] The root cause of these echo chambers lies in confirmation bias, a human cognitive tendency. It drives individuals to seek out, interpret, and favor information that supports their pre-existing beliefs, while simultaneously downplaying or rejecting information that contradicts those views. Every social media platform, in pursuit of maximizing user engagement and, consequently, advertising revenue, unintentionally amplifies this natural tendency. By prioritizing content that resonates with a user's current belief system, its algorithms create a feedback loop, making it less likely for individuals to encounter challenging or differing viewpoints. This continuous validation, while psychologically comforting, significantly impedes the development of critical thinking skills and open-mindedness. [II]
The impact of echo chambers on society is also concerning. Social media sites that restrict users' access to opposing viewpoints and reinforce their existing viewpoints could potentially exacerbate societal division. For instance, on the issue of climate change, one user might only see posts downplaying environmental risks, while another is exposed exclusively to catastrophic warnings. Since each group relies on completely disparate bodies of fact, there is little basis for them to share any kind of mutual understanding. [III]
Breaking free from these echo chambers requires a conscious effort. Doing so involves cultivating digital literacy, actively seeking out diverse and credible sources of information, and critically evaluating content rather than passively consuming what algorithms present to us. Only through such proactive measures can individuals cultivate a more comprehensive understanding of the world, thereby fostering a more inclusive exchange of ideas across the increasingly fractured digital landscape. [IV]
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 7 to 14.

The global trade in plastic waste has become a significant environmental and ethical concern. UK plastic waste exports have soared this year, rising by 84% in the first half of 2025 compared with 2024, according to UN Comtrade analysis compiled by The Last Beach Cleanup. The surge has been concentrated in Malaysia and Indonesia, with shipments jumping to 28,667 tonnes and 24,006 tonnes respectively. While aggregate volumes remained above 317,000 tonnes, the portion routed directly to non-OECD destinations climbed from 11% to 20%.

Historically, developed nations have exported vast quantities of plastic scrap to developing countries, often under the guise of recycling. However, this practice frequently leads to environmental degradation and social injustice in the recipient nations, which may lack the infrastructure or regulatory capacity to manage the influx. This pattern has been labeled "waste imperialism," as it effectively externalizes the costs and burdens of waste management on nations with weaker environmental enforcement.

In response to these growing concerns, some major economic blocs, such as the European Union, have implemented stringent regulations, including prohibiting the export of plastic waste to non-OECD countries.
The rationale behind such bans is to encourage domestic recycling and ensure that the responsibility for waste management remains with the originating countries. However, other nations continue to export substantial volumes, often resulting in a complex and mercurial global trade network. When one destination tightens import rules, waste is frequently re-routed to others, creating a "shadow geography" of disposal.

These shifting trade flows highlight a critical issue: the economic incentive often makes exporting plastic waste cheaper than processing it domestically. This financial disparity can obscure accountability along the transboundary chain, making it difficult to track and manage the environmental impact effectively. Critics argue that nations producing plastic packaging should internalize the true costs of its disposal and invest more heavily in domestic recycling infrastructure. Ultimately, addressing this global challenge requires international cooperation, stricter regulations, and a fundamental shift towards a circular economy where waste is minimized and resources are reused.

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com)

Read the following passage about the rise of robots and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Since the early days of making movies, writers and directors have attempted to bring popular and classic novels to the big screen. The movie industry seems to believe that if the story made a great book, it should make a great movie as well. However, that rarely seems to be the case. More often than not, a great book turns out to be a mediocre movie in the opinion of most viewers.

Over the past century, there have only been a handful of movies that have fulfilled the ambition of turning the great book into a great movie. Lovers of the historical novel, Gone with the Wind, continue to be swept away by the movie adaptation starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh. Science fiction readers as well as movie critics both hail Stanley Kubrick's film, 2001: A Space Odyssey, which was co-written by Kubrick with the novel's author Arthur C. Clarke, as a masterpiece.

On the other hand, there have been instances when not-so-great novels have been transformed into great movies. Mario Puzo's The Godfather was quite popular at the time of its release as a novel, but critics hailed it more for its entertainment value than for its value as literature. The film adaptation of this popular novel, however, continues to be listed among the top ten greatest movies of all time. Likewise, the science fiction short story "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" did not set the science fiction genre on fire when it came out. The movie version, though, made a much bigger impact in its medium.

Are there any books that are simply impossible to film? Although filmmakers would like to think not, it is a good bet that certain books will never be adapted into successful films. Books written in unique literary styles such as Ulysses by James Joyce and The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner have resisted film adaptation to rival the greatness of the books.

In 2007, at a heavily hyped press event in San Francisco, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs stood on stage and unveiled a revolutionary product that not only broke the mould but also set an entirely new paradigm for computer-based phones. The look, interface and core functionality of nearly every smartphone to come along since is, in some form or another, derived from the original iPhone's innovative touchscreen-centric design.
Among some of the ground-breaking features was an expansive and responsive display from which to check email, stream video, play audio, and browse the internet with a mobile browser that loaded full websites, much like what is experienced on personal computers. Apple's unique iOS operating system allowed for a wide range of intuitive gesture-based commands and eventually, a rapidly growing warehouse of downloadable third-party applications.
Most importantly, the iPhone reoriented people's relationship with smartphones. Up to then, they were generally geared toward businesspeople and enthusiasts who saw them as an invaluable tool for staying organized, corresponding over email, and boosting their productivity. Apple's version took it to a whole other level as a full-blown multimedia powerhouse, enabling users to play games, watch movies, chat, share content, and stay connected to all the possibilities that we are all still constantly rediscovering.
(Adapted from https://www.thoughtco.com/)

The word robot first appeared in a 1921 stage play by Czech writer Karel Capek. In the play, a man makes a machine that can think, which he calls a robot and which ends up killing its owner. In the 1940s, the American science fiction writer Isaac Asimov wrote a series of stories about robots and invented the term robotics, the science of robots. Meanwhile, in the real world, the first robots were developed by an engineer, Joseph F. Engelberger, and an inventor, George C. Devol. Together they started Unimation, a manufacturing company that produces the first real robot in 1961, called the Unimate. Robots of this type were installed at a General Motors automobile plant and proved to be a success. They worked reliably and saved money for General Motors, so other companies were soon acquiring robots as well.
These industrial robots were nothing like the terrifying creatures that can often be seen in science fiction films. In fact, these robots looked and behaved nothing like humans. They were simply pieces of computer-controlled machinery, with metal “arms” or “hands”. Since they were made of metal, they could perform certain jobs that were difficult or dangerous for humans, particularly jobs that involve high heat. And since robots were tireless and never got hungry, sleepy, or distracted, they were useful for tasks that would be tiring or boring for humans. Industrial robots have been improved over the years, and today they are used in many factories around the world. Though the use of robots has meant the loss of some jobs, at the same time other jobs have been created in the design, development, and production of the robots.
Rise of the Robots, Silicon Valley Entrepreneur, Martin Ford, 1988.

Today, there are 600 million cars in the world. They may seem like a lot. However, there are over 7 million people on our planet. Most of the world's population uses public transportation to get around. The number of people using public transportation continues to rise. Subway systems worldwide carry 155 million passengers each day. That's more than 30 times the number carried by all the world's airplanes. Every day in Tokyo passengers take more than 40 million rides on public transportation.
Yet many people see public transportation as 'a depressing experience', says author Taras Gresco. They say it is slow, crowded, or too expensive. In fact , Gresco says, it is actually 'faster, more comfortable and cheaper' than driving a car. Like millions of people, Taras Gresco is a 'straphanger' - a person who rides public transportation. In his book straphanger: Saving Our Cities and Ourselves from the Automobile, Gresco describe the benefits of public transportation. Firstly, it is better for the environment. When people use public transportation, they use less fuel. Twenty people on one bus use much less fuel than 20 people in 20 cars. Fewer cars mean less pollution and cleaner air.
Using public transportation can be good for your health in other ways. It can even help you lose weight. In one study, a group of people took public transportation every day for six months. Each day they walked to a bus stop or train station. In six months, each person lost an average of six pounds - almost three kilograms. Taking public transportation has another benefit, says Gresco. It helps people become part of their community. When you are alone in your car, you don't talk to anyone. One Tokyo straphanger told Gresco, “To use public transport is to know how to cooperate with other people,' It teaches you 'how to behave in a public space'. So, public transportation is more than a way to get to work or school. It can help lead to cleaner cities. It may also lead to a healthier and more cooperative world population.

For decades, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been the paramount metric for gauging a nation’s success. Created in the 1930s to track industrial production, it was never designed to be a definitive measure of human welfare. By focusing strictly on market transactions, GDP ignores the value of unpaid domestic work and, more critically, fails to account for the depletion of natural resources.
In light of modern environmental and social crises, the concept of a “Well-being Economy” has gained significant traction. This framework suggests that the goal of government policy should be to ensure that every person can live a dignified life on a healthy planet. Countries like Iceland, Scotland, and New Zealand have already begun integrating these principles into their national budgets, shifting the focus from purely financial growth to indicators like mental health and housing quality.
One notable alternative is the Happy Planet Index (HPI), which evaluates how efficiently nations use their environmental resources to support long, happy lives for their citizens. Unlike GDP, the HPI penalizes countries with a high ecological footprint, even if their economies are booming. Critics, however, argue that such indices rely too heavily on subjective self-reporting, which can be influenced by cultural biases and may not provide a stable basis for international comparison.
Despite these debates, the transition toward more holistic metrics seems inevitable. As climate change and wealth inequality continue to pose existential threats, the traditional obsession with “growth at any cost” is being replaced by a more balanced approach. Ensuring a sustainable future requires a fundamental redesign of how we define and pursue progress.
(Adapted from World Economic Forum - weforum.org)

The relationship between Britain and the US has always been a close one. Like all close relationships it has had difficult times. The US was first a British colony, but between 1775 and 1783 the US fought a war to become independent. The US fought the British again in the War of 1812.
In general, however, the two countries have felt closer to each other than to any other country, and their foreign policies have shown this. During World War I and World War II, Britain and the US supported each other. When the US looks for foreign support, Britain is usually the first country to come forward and it is sometimes called “the 51st state of the union”.
But the special relationship that developed after 1945 is not explained only by shared political interests. An important reason for the friendship is that the people of the two countries are very similar.
They share the same language and enjoy each other's literature, films and television. Many Americans have British ancestors, or relatives still living in Britain. The US government and political system is based on Britain's, and there are many Anglo-American businesses operating on both sides of the Atlantic. In Britain some people are worried about the extent of US influence, and there is some jealousy of its current power. The special relationship was strong in the early 1980s when Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister in Britain and Ronald Reagan was President of the US.
(Adapted from Background to British and American Cultures)

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage. GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project. Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable. The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

Since the 19th century, companies have looked for better and cleaner ways of creating electricity. One UK company has created a special type of floor made of square tiles. Under each square, there is a system that can create electricity very cheaply when someone steps on it!

The design of the floor works very well when it is used in very busy areas. And the reason is that a lot of energy is created simply because of the large numbers of people walking across the floor.

The floor can have other uses too; one of them is to record how many people visit a shopping centre. This kind of information is very useful for shop owners because very often they want to know at which times of days they have the highest numbers of customers. So the next time you visit shopping centre, have a careful look at the floor that you are walking across!

Most of us have taken a selfie at one time or another, be it a photo of ourselves in a beautiful place, during a performance by our favourite band, or on a memorable night out with friends. But today, more and more people are putting their lives at risk in an attempt to get the most shocking pictures to share on social media. In several cases, this action has had disastrous consequences. Take, for example, the Spaniard who was killed by a bull while he was taking a selfie during the annual bull run in a village near his hometown, or the Singaporean tourist who died when he fell from cliffs on the coast of Bali. Such incidents have led to the death toll from selfie-related incidents reaching double figures for the first time in 2015, overtaking the number of victims of shark attacks. Despite the risks, social media is full of pictures featuring near misses that could have been fatal under other circumstances. Under the caption 'Most dangerous selfie ever', a woman posing at a stadium can be seen narrowly avoiding being hit in the head by a baseball approaching her. Yet the photo has received thousands of 'likes', and the comments below it suggest that this behaviour is something to be admired. In response to the increasing threat posed by the selfie, the authorities have started to take action. The Russian Interior Ministry, for instance, has launched a public education campaign advising selfie-takers against balancing on dangerous surfaces or posing with their pets, among other things. But if instructions like this are really necessary, then perhaps it is about time we asked ourselves which is more important, a 'like' or a life?