Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 33 to 40.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals, functioning as the essential structural foundation for skin, bones, and muscles. In recent years, the market for collagen supplements has expanded exponentially, with global consumers spending billions annually. Although promotional campaigns often advertise it as a definitive cure for aging, numerous scientists remain skeptical. They argue that the empirical evidence supporting these ambitious claims is still developing, despite the widespread popularity of these products among high-profile celebrities.
After reaching the age of forty, humans typically lose approximately one percent of their body's collagen each year. This gradual decline inevitably leads to sagging skin and joint discomfort. Moreover, specific detrimental factors can severely accelerate this process, such as chronic smoking or excessive sugar consumption. Consequently, many people attempt to find a magic pill to counteract this issue. However, preserving existing collagen through healthy lifestyle modifications remains the most effective strategy.
Most contemporary supplements contain “collagen peptides,” which are formulated to be significantly easier for the body to absorb than whole proteins. Interestingly, these commercial products are not strictly regulated by the FDA for safety or therapeutic effectiveness before they are distributed to the market. While some clinical studies demonstrate modest improvements in skin hydration, the overall results are not always consistent. Researchers emphasize that far more rigorous evidence is needed to confirm whether these supplements can truly reverse the visible signs of aging.
Beyond dermatological benefits, collagen may help alleviate joint inflammation, particularly in highly active athletes. One study indicated that active adults experienced a noticeable reduction in pain after taking daily supplements for six consecutive months. For those who prefer avoiding artificial supplements, this protein is naturally found in dietary sources like poultry and bone broth. Furthermore, consuming vitamin C is also vital, as it serves as a necessary component that helps the body produce its own collagen, thereby ensuring long-term vitality.
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/)