FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) ________ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades
Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) ________. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) ________ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring
You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) ________ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean
If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) ________ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) ________ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!
(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) ________ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades
Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) ________. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) ________ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring
You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) ________ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean
If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) ________ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) ________ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!
(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) ________ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades
Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) ________. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) ________ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring
You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) ________ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean
If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) ________ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) ________ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!
(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) ________ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades
Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) ________. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) ________ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring
You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) ________ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean
If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) ________ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) ________ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!
(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.
How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters
In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.
Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.
The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.
Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.
(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.
How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters
In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.
Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.
The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.
Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.
(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.
How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters
In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.
Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.
The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.
Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.
(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.
How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters
In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.
Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.
The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.
Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.
(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.
How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters
In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.
Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.
The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.
Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.
(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.
How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters
In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.
Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.
The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.
Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.
(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.
How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters
In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.
Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.
The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.
Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.
(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.
ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER
Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency
Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) ________, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.
(21) ________ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) ________ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) ________ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) ________ someone claiming to be helping you.
If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) ________ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!
(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.
ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER
Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency
Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) ________, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.
(21) ________ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) ________ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) ________ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) ________ someone claiming to be helping you.
If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) ________ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!
(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.
ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER
Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency
Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) ________, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.
(21) ________ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) ________ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) ________ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) ________ someone claiming to be helping you.
If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) ________ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!
(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.
ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER
Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency
Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) ________, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.
(21) ________ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) ________ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) ________ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) ________ someone claiming to be helping you.
If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) ________ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!
(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.
ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER
Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency
Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) ________, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.
(21) ________ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) ________ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) ________ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) ________ someone claiming to be helping you.
If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) ________ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!
(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.
ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER
Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency
Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) ________, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.
(21) ________ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) ________ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) ________ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) ________ someone claiming to be helping you.
If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) ________ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!
(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.
New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.
The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.
To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.
Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.
(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.
New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.
The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.
To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.
Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.
(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

[PASSAGE TEXT NOT SUPPLIED IN SOURCE DATA - The passage 'New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change...' begins on page 3 and continues onto page 4 ('too thin, ...'). Only Questions 27-35 and their solutions were supplied; the full passage text was not included in the provided page data.]

[PASSAGE TEXT NOT SUPPLIED IN SOURCE DATA - The passage 'New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change...' begins on page 3 and continues onto page 4 ('too thin, ...'). Only Questions 27-35 and their solutions were supplied; the full passage text was not included in the provided page data.]

[PASSAGE TEXT NOT SUPPLIED IN SOURCE DATA - The passage 'New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change...' begins on page 3 and continues onto page 4 ('too thin, ...'). Only Questions 27-35 and their solutions were supplied; the full passage text was not included in the provided page data.]

[PASSAGE TEXT NOT SUPPLIED IN SOURCE DATA - The passage 'New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change...' begins on page 3 and continues onto page 4 ('too thin, ...'). Only Questions 27-35 and their solutions were supplied; the full passage text was not included in the provided page data.]

[PASSAGE TEXT NOT SUPPLIED IN SOURCE DATA - The passage 'New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change...' begins on page 3 and continues onto page 4 ('too thin, ...'). Only Questions 27-35 and their solutions were supplied; the full passage text was not included in the provided page data.]

[PASSAGE TEXT NOT SUPPLIED IN SOURCE DATA - The passage 'New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change...' begins on page 3 and continues onto page 4 ('too thin, ...'). Only Questions 27-35 and their solutions were supplied; the full passage text was not included in the provided page data.]

[PASSAGE TEXT NOT SUPPLIED IN SOURCE DATA - The passage 'New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change...' begins on page 3 and continues onto page 4 ('too thin, ...'). Only Questions 27-35 and their solutions were supplied; the full passage text was not included in the provided page data.]

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.
The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.
To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.
Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.
(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)